Height increase surgery, primarily known as limb lengthening surgery, involves various techniques and methods aimed at increasing the length of the bones in the legs. This surgery can be performed for cosmetic reasons or to correct discrepancies in limb length. Here are the main types of height increase surgeries:

1. External Fixation Methods

Ilizarov Method:

Overview: Developed by Dr. Gavriil Ilizarov, this method uses a circular external frame (Ilizarov apparatus) attached to the bone with wires and pins.

Procedure: After the bone is surgically cut (osteotomy), the external frame is adjusted to gradually pull the bone segments apart, encouraging new bone growth in the gap.

Advantages: High precision and can correct complex deformities.

Disadvantages: Bulky external device, higher risk of infection at pin sites, and prolonged treatment time.

Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF):

Overview: A more advanced version of the Ilizarov method, the TSF uses a hexapod external fixator that can make complex adjustments in multiple planes.

Procedure: Similar to the Ilizarov method but allows for more accurate and three-dimensional adjustments.

Advantages: Greater precision and control over bone lengthening and alignment.

Disadvantages: Similar drawbacks as the Ilizarov method, including bulkiness and risk of infection.

2. Internal Lengthening Methods

Intramedullary Lengthening Nails:

Precice Nail:

Overview: The Precice nail is a motorized intramedullary nail that is implanted into the bone and lengthened using an external remote control.

Procedure: The bone is cut, and the nail is inserted into the bone marrow cavity. The patient then uses an external device to gradually extend the nail.

Advantages: Less visible than external fixators, lower infection risk, more comfortable for the patient.

Disadvantages: Requires a second surgery to remove the nail after the bone has healed.

Fitbone:

Overview: Similar to the Precice nail, the Fitbone system uses an internal rod with an embedded motor to gradually lengthen the bone.

Procedure: The bone is cut, and the device is implanted. The lengthening is controlled via an external transmitter.

Advantages: Minimally invasive with better patient comfort and fewer complications.

Disadvantages: Expensive and requires precise surgical technique.

3. Hybrid Methods

Combination of External and Internal Devices:

Overview: In some cases, a combination of external fixators and internal devices is used to achieve the desired lengthening with increased stability and control.

Procedure: Initial lengthening is done with an external fixator, and once sufficient length is achieved, an internal device is implanted to maintain the length while the bone heals.

Advantages: Combines the benefits of both methods, offering precision and comfort.

Disadvantages: More complex and may require multiple surgeries.

4. Growth Plate Modification (For Younger Patients)

Epiphysiodesis:

Overview: This procedure is performed in growing children to manipulate the growth plates to correct leg length discrepancies.

Procedure: It involves either slowing down growth in the longer leg or accelerating growth in the shorter leg.

Advantages: Effective in correcting discrepancies without the need for lengthening.

Disadvantages: Limited to younger patients with open growth plates.

Conclusion

Increase height surgery involves a variety of methods, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The choice of method depends on factors such as the patient’s age, the amount of lengthening required, the specific condition being treated, and the patient’s overall health. Consulting with an experienced orthopedic surgeon is essential to determine the most appropriate method for achieving the desired outcome while minimizing risks and complications.